Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene Height 65 mm.

Gastropoda Muricidae Bolinus Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822)

Class Gastropoda

Family Muricidae Rafinesque, 1815

Genus Bolinus Pusch, 1837

species Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822)

Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822 (Mollusca – Gastropoda) is a common species known in all Mediterranean Basin from middle Miocene to upper Pliocene.

Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822 (Mollusca – Gastropoda) è una comune specie diffusa in tutto il Bacino del Mediterraneo, dal Miocene medio alla fine del Pliocene (Piacenziano).

Gastropoda Muricidae Bolinus Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822)

Bolinus brandaris torularius Montanaro-Gallitelli, 1935. Miocene
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Montanaro-Gallitelli, 1935.Tav. I, fig. 3 (a, b). Miocene (Tortonian stage). Montegibbio (Modena).
Original Description / Descrizione Originale:
  1. testa obovata, anterius ventricosa, crassa, suboctofariam varicosa; varicibus superne bituberculatis; spira depressa, mucronata; cauda longiuscula, tubercolis subspinosi muricata.

Habite…. Fossile du Piémont. Mon cabinet. Coquille épaisse, ventrue et élargie antérieurement comme dans les pyrules, à sept ou huit rangées de varices. Sa spire est très-déprimée, presque mutique, et mucronée au centre. Le dernier tour, qui forme la plus grande partie de la coquille, offre supérieurement deux rangées de grands tubercules bien séparés et fort épais. La queue est un peu allongée, subombiliquée, hérissée de tubercules presque spiniformes. La surface de cette coquille est sillonnée transversalement. Longueur, 2 pouces 9 lignes.

From p. 576, n. 13 in: Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome septième. Paris: published by the Author, 711 pp.

Plate. V figs 8, 9 (Murex. brandaris Lin.) Michelotti, 1841. Pliocene.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamark, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda – Muricidae) from Plate. V figs 8, 9 (Murex. brandaris Lin.) Michelotti, 1841. Pliocene.
Remarks

The shells of this species are very variable. The fossil shells are more robust, with stronger and larger spines than in the Recent Bolinus brandaris brandaris (L., 1758).

Many of the Pliocene shells illustrated as Murex brandaris corrispond to immature and subadult specimens, which have not yet developed the charactics of Bolinus brandaris torularius, a good exemple of this are the shells figured by Chirli (2000, p. 2, figs 3-9) Landau, Houart & Marques da Silva, 2007, p. 7)

DAncona Murex pseudobrandaris 2 fig 1ab
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamark, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda) Murex pseudobrandaris DAncona, 1871, (pl. 2 fig 1ab). Pliocene.
DAncona Murex pseudobrandaris 2 fig 2ab
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamark, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda) Murex pseudobrandaris DAncona, 1871, (pl. 2 fig 2ab). Pliocene.
DAncona Murex pseudobrandaris 2 fig 7ab
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamark, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda) Murex pseudobrandaris DAncona, 1871, (pl. 2 fig 7 ab). Pliocene.
Murex assimilis De Cristofori & Jan, 1832. Pinna & Spezia 1978
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamark, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda), Murex assimilis De Cristofori & Jan, 1832. (Pinna & Spezia 1978). Pliocene.
Distribution

To middle Miocene to european Pliocene: common in all the Mediterranean Basin. Some reports for lower Pleistocene, in our opinion, are doubtful. To start to lower Pleistocene the Pliocene sub –  species is replaced by the recent bolinus brandaris brandaris (Linnaeus, 1758).

Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822.
Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822. Surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Aboral view. Height 70 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822. Pliocene. Oral view. Height 70 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822. Surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Oral view. Height 70 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822. Surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 70 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius Lamarck, 1822. Surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 70 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda)
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Ciuciano, surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Aboral view. Height 72 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Ciuciano, surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Oral view. Height 72 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Ciuciano, surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Oral view. Height 72 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Ciuciano, surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 72 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Ciuciano, surroundings of San Gimignano (Siena). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 72 mm.
Bibliographic references and some more common synonyms

1822 Murex torularius Lamarck, p. 576.

1832 Murex assimilis – De Cristofori & Jan, p. 11, 35, 24.

1871 Bolinus pseudobrandaris – D’Ancona, p. x, pl. 1, figs 1 a-b, pl. 2, figs 2 a-b, 7 a-b.

1992 Bolinus brandaris torularius – Cavallo & Repetto, p. 84, fig. 182.

2000 Bolinus brandaris – Chirli, p. 5, pl. 2, figs 3-9.

2007 Bolinus brandaris torularius – Landau et al., p. 5, Text fig. 3, pl. 1, figs 3-5.

Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Aboral view. Height 68 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Aboral view. Height 68 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Oral view. Height 68 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Oral view. Height 68 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 68 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo (Firenze). Pliocene. Apical view. Height 68 mm.
References

Chirli C. (2000). Malacofauna Pliocenica Toscana vol. 2. Superfamiglia Muricoidea. 143 pp. C. Chirli Ed., Stamperia Legatoria Pisana, Agnano (PI), 143 pp, 49 pls.

D’Ancona C. (1871). Malacologia pliocenica italiana. Memorie per servire alla descrizione della carta Geologica Italiana. Reale Commissione Geologica Italiana, 1: 307-358.

De Cristofori J. & Jan G. (1832). Catalogus in IV. sectiones divisus rerum naturalium in museo exstantium Josephi De Cristofori et Georgii Jan plurium Acad. Scient. et Societ. Nat. Cur. Sodalium complectens adumbrationem oryctognosiae et geognosiae atque prodrumum faunae et floriae Italiae Superioris. Sectio II. – Pars I. – pp. 1-7, (Conchylia) 1-8, (1), (Mantissa) 1-4, (Excerptum) 1-4, (1), (Conchylia fossilia) 1-16, (1-2). Typographia Carmignani. Parmae.

Lamarck, J.-B. M. de. (1822). Histoire naturelle des animaux sans vertèbres. Tome septième. Paris: published by the Author, 711 pp.

Landau B., Houart R. & Da Silva C.M. (2007). The early Pliocene Gastropoda (Mollusca) of Estepona Southern Spain. Part 7: Muricidae. Palaeontos, 11: 1-87.

Pinna G. & Spezia L., 1978. Catalogo dei tipi del Museo Civico di Storia Naturale di Milano. V. I Tipi dei Gasteropodi fossili. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienza Naturali, Museo Civico di Storia naturale di Milano, 119 pp. 69 pls, Tipografia Fusi, Pavia.

Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene Height 65 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene. Aboral view. Height 65 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene. Oral view. Height 65 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene. Oral view. Height 65 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca - Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene. Apical view. Height 65 mm.
Bolinus brandaris torularius (Lamarck, 1822) (Mollusca – Gastropoda). Freak shell. Certaldo Firenze. Pliocene. Apical view. Height 65 mm.
Acknowledgements

We thank our friend Massimo Cresti for the execution and use of the photos.

Ringraziamo per l’esecuzione e l’uso delle foto, l’amico Massimo Cresti.

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